Does the GeneSight® test change outcomes for all patients?
Does the GeneSight® test change outcomes for all patients? This is the number of patients who need to receive an intervention in order for one patient to respond due to…
How Do I Use the Gene-Drug Interaction Chart?
What is the gene-drug interaction chart? Healthcare providers and patients often inquire about how they can determine which genes affect response to each medication. The gene-drug interaction chart provides supplementary…
Get to know a gene: ANK3
Summary: ANK3 has not been shown to inform on patient medication response and therefore is not a pharmacogenomic marker. As a disease marker, it lacks clinical utility. There is an…
Get to know a gene: ADRA2A
What is ADRA2A? ADRA2A, located on chromosome 10, encodes the α-2A adrenergic receptor, a norepinephrine receptor that is the primary site of action for α-2A agonists. The α-2A adrenergic receptor…
Get to know a gene: UGT2B15
What is UGT2B15? The UGT2B15 gene encodes an enzyme responsible for glucuronidation, a phase II metabolic reaction that transforms small lipophilic molecules into water-soluble excretable metabolites. The UGT2B15 enzyme is…
Get to know a gene: UGT1A4
What is UGT1A4? The UGT1A4 gene encodes an enzyme of the glucuronidation pathway, a phase II metabolism process that transforms small lipophilic molecules into water-soluble excretable metabolites. The UGT1A4 enzyme…
Get to know a gene: HTR2A
What is HTR2A? The 5-HT2A receptor, encoded by the HTR2A gene, is responsible for post-synaptic serotonin signaling and is a target for many antipsychotics and antidepressants.1 Two single nucleotide polymorphisms…
What do I do with an all green report?
A medication falls in the green category when there is no variation found in the patient’s genes that is expected to impact their response to that medication. In other words,…
How do I choose patients for GeneSight® testing?
No clear clinical guidelines currently exist to identify good candidates for psychiatric pharmacogenomic testing. The choice for testing is entirely at the discretion of the healthcare provider. While pharmacogenomic testing…
GET TO KNOW A GENE: HLA-B*1502 and HLA-A*3101
What are the HLA genes? The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) complex, encoded by the HLA gene family, plays a critical role in immunity. The HLA proteins are present on the…
GET TO KNOW A GENE: OPRM1
What is OPRM1? The mu opioid receptor is a G protein-coupled receptor coded by the OPRM1 gene. It is the primary site of action for various endogenous and exogenous opioids.1…
GET TO KNOW A GENE: CACNA1C
What is CACNA1C? Bipolar disorder and schizophrenia are known to be highly heritable, with individual heritability estimated to be 70-90% and 80-85%, respectively. In the search for specific markers for…
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